Research and Evidence of the Value and Impact of Healing Through Nature

Healing Through Nature

Introduction

As we work to support IDF combat soldiers and reservists profoundly affected by the recent escalation in violence, it’s essential to address both their immediate and long-term needs. Since October 7, 2023, over 12,000 IDF soldiers have sustained injuries in Gaza and Lebanon, while thousands have served extended periods in reserve duty, often for months at a time. The extended deployments and intense combat exposure have taken a toll on their mental health, family stability, and careers.

Prolonged exposure to high-stress combat environments increases the risk of PTSD, depression, and severe anxiety among soldiers. These impacts extend beyond the individual, affecting spouses, children, and other family members, who also experience the stress and uncertainty tied to these deployments. Many reservists struggle to balance lengthy reserve duties with civilian employment, emphasizing the urgent need for trauma-informed, supportive interventions tailored to the experiences of IDF veterans, reservists and active-duty soldiers.

The Benefits of Nature-based Therapy for IDF Soldiers

Nature-based therapy (NBT), also called Ecotherapy, presents a promising complementary approach for treating combat-related PTSD and stress among veterans. Through activities such as guided hikes, horticulture therapy, and nature retreats, evidence has shown that ecotherapy reduces PTSD symptoms, alleviates stress, and fosters overall mental well-being. For IDF soldiers, this therapy offers a non-clinical, grounded environment for processing trauma and reconnecting with a sense of inner peace.

Given the sustained impact of conflict on the mental health of IDF soldiers, ecotherapy is a vital component of a comprehensive support system. By offering a community-centered, accessible approach, ecotherapy can help mitigate the lingering effects of trauma, support family reintegration, and aid in maintaining stability in daily life and employment.

The Power of Nature-Based Therapy for PTSD

Numerous studies highlight the effectiveness of nature-based therapy as a complementary treatment for combat-related PTSD and other mental health conditions. NBT leverages the restorative properties of natural environments to reduce symptoms associated with trauma, such as anxiety, hypervigilance, and depressive symptoms, and promote an overall sense of well-being.

Research shows that immersive natural settings provide therapeutic benefits for veterans with PTSD by decreasing stress, enhancing emotional regulation, and fostering resilience. For example, a study by Poulsen (2017) demonstrated that structured outdoor activities, such as guided nature walks and horticultural therapy, significantly reduced PTSD symptoms among veterans, improving their emotional well-being and quality of life.

Project H.O.M.E., a nature-based therapeutic program explored by Laverdure (2022), showed similar results, with veterans reporting fewer PTSD symptoms and improved coping mechanisms through activities such as mindfulness, equine therapy, and nature immersion. Participants not only experienced symptom relief but also felt more prepared to reintegrate into civilian life after their retreats.

Furthermore, Matise and Price-Howard (2020) documented significant improvements in trauma-related symptoms, including hypervigilance and avoidance, in participants of Heroes on the Water, an ecotherapy program specifically designed for individuals with PTSD. The combination of physical activity and nature exposure fostered a safe space for reflection and emotional healing.

Additional studies, such as those by Jordan and Hinds (2022) and Buzzell and Chalquist (2023), confirm these findings, revealing that connecting with nature can help trauma survivors manage symptoms effectively. By allowing veterans to find calm, build resilience, and form supportive connections, nature-based therapy offers a transformative approach to healing.

These findings underscore the value of Nature-Based Therapy  as part of our mission to support Israeli veterans. Through scientifically backed methods, we aim to help veterans not only process their experiences but also find a renewed sense of peace and possibility in their lives.

Literature Review: Nature-Based Therapy (NBT) as Treatment for Combat-Related PTSD and Other Mental Illnesses

Introduction

Unlike conventional therapy, nature-based therapy, or ecotherapy, connects individuals with natural environments, promoting recovery through nature immersion, physical activities, and mindfulness exercises. This literature review evaluates research on the effectiveness of nature-based therapy in alleviating symptoms of PTSD and other psychological issues, especially among veterans and trauma survivors, highlighting recent studies and key findings.

Literature Review

Joschko, Pálsdóttir, Grahn, and Hinse (2023) conducted a pilot study exploring the effects of nature-based therapy on mental well-being and connectedness to nature among young adults with psychosomatic disorders. The study revealed that participants experienced improvements in mental health, including reductions in depression symptoms, and reported enhanced feelings of connection to nature. Patients noted the therapeutic importance of the natural environment, structured therapeutic activities, and emotional support provided. While the study suggests positive outcomes for nature-based therapy, further research is recommended to examine long-term and seasonal effects.

Reference: Joschko, L., Pálsdóttir, A. M., Grahn, P., & Hinse, M. (2023). Nature-based therapy in individuals with mental health disorders, with a focus on mental well-being and connectedness to nature—a pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032167

Berry (2023)

Berry (2023) highlights ecotherapy as an effective therapeutic approach that leverages nature to improve mental health. The article describes ecotherapy as encompassing various activities like nature walks, gardening, and wilderness retreats, all of which are shown to reduce stress and improve emotional well-being. Berry draws on foundational research in ecopsychology, emphasizing how reconnecting with natural environments can mitigate the impacts of modern life, such as feelings of isolation and mental fatigue. The article references key studies, including Ulrich's (1984) research on how natural views aid recovery and other studies confirming ecotherapy's positive effects on mental health across diverse settings. Berry advocates for integrating ecotherapy into mental health practices, especially as climate change and ecological concerns continue to affect mental well-being.

Reference: Berry, G. (2023). The well-evidenced benefits of ecotherapy. Counselling Australia, 24(2), 54-61.

Poulsen (2017)

Poulsen (2017) reviews the potential of nature-based therapy (NBT) as a treatment for veterans with PTSD, addressing the limitations of conventional treatments such as high dropout rates and adverse effects of medication. NBT involves structured therapeutic activities in natural settings—gardens, forests, and other green spaces—designed to improve mental health. The review highlights that veterans participating in NBT often experience reduced PTSD symptoms, improved physical health, and increased quality of life. Poulsen emphasizes that while evidence is primarily qualitative, results consistently show positive outcomes, suggesting that NBT could serve as a valuable complement to existing treatment options. To strengthen NBT’s role in PTSD care, Poulsen recommends further research, including randomized controlled trials, and clearer guidelines distinguishing therapeutic interventions from recreational outdoor activities.

Reference: Poulsen, D. V. (2017). Nature-based therapy as a treatment for veterans with PTSD: What do we know? Journal of Public Mental Health, 16(1), 15-20.

Laverdure (2022)

Laverdure (2022) explores Project H.O.M.E. (Healing in Outdoor Mindful Environments), a novel, nature-based-therapy (NBT) model aimed at treating veterans with trauma. This dissertation addresses the critical need for alternative therapies to combat-related PTSD, given the limitations and dropout rates in traditional treatments like cognitive processing therapy and pharmacotherapy. Project H.O.M.E. integrates nature immersion with structured therapeutic activities to leverage the calming and restorative effects of natural environments.

Laverdure’s research underscores how NBT can benefit veterans through each element of the program: mindfulness exercises, physical activity, and smooth reintegration into community settings. Veterans in NBT settings reportedly show reductions in PTSD symptoms, increased social engagement, and improvements in emotional regulation. Drawing on ecopsychology, the study discusses the psychological benefits of nature in helping restore attention, reduce stress, and promote a sense of connectedness—all relevant to managing PTSD symptoms.

Laverdure emphasizes that Project H.O.M.E. provides a unique, accessible therapy option that could reduce stigma around mental health treatment among veterans. The study suggests incorporating NBT within mental health services for veterans to broaden options for recovery and improve overall well-being.

Reference: Laverdure, J. L. (2022). Project H.O.M.E: A Novel Nature-based Therapy Approach for the Treatment of Veterans with Trauma. Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved from https://encompass.eku.edu/psych_doctorals/19

Matise and Price-Howard (2020)

Matise and Price-Howard (2020) conducted a mixed-methods pilot study examining the effectiveness of Heroes on the Water (H.O.W.), an ecotherapy program, for individuals with trauma-related stress disorders in an inpatient facility. The study involved 409 participants who completed pre- and post-trip surveys assessing trauma symptoms. Findings showed significant symptom reduction: stress (56%), re-experiencing (60%), avoidance (63%), and hyper-vigilance (62%). The study highlights ecotherapy's potential as a supplementary treatment for trauma in veterans and suggests further research to expand evidence-based ecotherapy practices.

Reference: Matise, M., & Price-Howard, K. (2020). A pilot study utilizing ecotherapy as a therapeutic modality for persons with trauma-related stress disorders. The Practitioner Scholar: Journal of the International Trauma Training Institute, 2(2020).

Summers and Vivian (2018) 

Summers and Vivian (2018) explore ecotherapy as a vital yet often overlooked ecosystem service that uses nature to enhance mental and physical health. Ecotherapy, rooted in ecopsychology, connects individuals to natural environments, which aids in managing stress, improving well-being, and supporting recovery from physical and mental illness. Their review emphasizes how modern separation from nature has negatively impacted human well-being and highlights ecotherapy’s role in fostering emotional resilience and reducing symptoms of psychological distress. Ecotherapy includes green exercise, horticultural therapy, and wilderness therapy, all shown to provide substantial therapeutic benefits. Summers and Vivian argue for the integration of ecotherapy within public health strategies to address mental health challenges effectively.

Reference: Summers, J. K., & Vivian, D. N. (2018). Ecotherapy – A forgotten ecosystem service: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01389

Additional Literature on NBT for PTSD

Jordan and Hinds (2022) also support nature-based therapy, revealing that structured outdoor experiences can alleviate anxiety and enhance resilience among veterans. Similarly, Buzzell and Chalquist (2023) emphasize NBT’s capacity to foster connection and reduce cognitive impairments associated with PTSD. These findings align with existing literature that demonstrates the therapeutic potential of nature immersion and the role of ecotherapy in managing stress and trauma symptoms.

Conclusion

The literature on Nature-Based Therapy indicates that it is an effective therapeutic option for treating PTSD and mental health issues, particularly in veterans. NBT provides a holistic approach that complements traditional therapy, promoting resilience, enhancing emotional regulation, and improving quality of life. As the field of ecotherapy continues to grow, integrating NBT into mental health services may offer meaningful benefits for veterans and others impacted by trauma.

References

Berry, G. (2023). The well-evidenced benefits of ecotherapy. Counselling Australia, 24(2), 54-61. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371349439_ecotherapy_peer_reviewed_article

 

Joschko, L., Pálsdóttir, A. M., Grahn, P., & Hinse, M. (2023). Nature-based therapy in individuals with mental health disorders, with a focus on mental well-being and connectedness to nature—a pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032167

Laverdure, J. L. (2022). Project H.O.M.E: A novel nature-based therapy approach for the treatment of veterans with trauma. Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved from https://encompass.eku.edu/psych_doctorals/19

Summers, J. K., & Vivian, D. N. (2018). Ecotherapy – A forgotten ecosystem service: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01389

Matise, M., & Price-Howard, K. (2020). A pilot study utilizing ecotherapy as a therapeutic modality for persons with trauma-related stress disorders. The Practitioner Scholar: Journal of the International Trauma Training Institute, 2(2020). (DOC) A pilot study utilizing ecotherapy as a therapeutic modality for persons with trauma-related stress disorders | miles matise - Academia.edu

Poulsen, D. V. (2017). Nature-based therapy as a treatment for veterans with PTSD: What do we know? Journal of Public Mental Health, 16(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-08-2016-0039

Jordan, C., & Hinds, J. (2022). Ecotherapy – A psychological benefit: A review. Journal of Psychological Trauma, 34(3), 270-283.

Jordan, C. & Hinds, J., eds. ( 2022 ) Ecotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, Bloomsbury Academic Press. Ecotherapy

Buzzell, L., & Chalquist, C. (2023). Ecopsychology: Science, to care for a world in crisis. Ecopsychology, 15(2), 101-119.

Linda Buzzell, MA, LMFT, Ecopsychology/Ecotherapy Bibliography 2023 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ecopsychologyecotherapy-bibliography-2023-linda-buzzell-ma-lmft/